المراجع

[1] https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/the-10th-anniversary-of-the-adoption-of-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-crpd-crpd-10.html

[2] https://www.un.org/ar/content/disabilitystrategy/

استراتيجية الأمم المتحدة لإدماج منظور الإعاقة

[3] https://section508.gov/manage/laws-and-policies#:~:text=Section%20508%20of%20the%20Rehabilitation%20Act%20of%201973&text=Under%20Section%20508%2C%20agencies%20must,the%20access%20available%20to%20others.

حول المعيار 508

[4] https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/

حول المعيارWCAG

[5] http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/

[6]

[7] https://g3ict.org/upload/DARE-Index-Top-Performing-Countries-Nov-5-2018.pdf

https://g3ict.org/upload/accessible_DARE-Index-2020-Top-Performing-Countries-ENGLISH-1.pdf

DARE INDEX 2017-2018 TOP PERFORMING COUNTRIES

[8] https://www.ohchr.org/ar/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx

اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لحقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة

[9] https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-e-accessibility#:~:text=Electronic%20accessibility%2C%20or%20E%2DAccessibility,users%20can%20access%20the%20information

حول النفاذية الرقمية - منظمة الصحة العالمية.

[10]https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/

حول النفاذية الرقمية من منظمة الويب العالمية

[11] https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/6/explainer-intersectional-feminism-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters

منظمة المرأة العالمية – الأمم المتحدة –

Intersectional feminism: what it means and why it matters right now - July 1, 2020- Brazil, Valdecir Nascimento

[12] Policy on Communications and Federal Identity : https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=30683

Deputy heads are responsible for the following: 6.3.5 Meets the requirements of the Standard on Web Accessibility and provides published information on request that is substantially equal for people with disabilities.

[13] https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/government-communications/guidance-implementing-standard-web-accessibility.html

[14] https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-6/

Canadian Human Rights Act - R.S.C., 1985, c. H-6 (Section 24)

[15] https://www.canada.ca/en/government/publicservice/wellness-inclusion-diversity-public-service/diversity-inclusion-public-service/accessibility-public-service/accessibility-strategy-public-service-toc/accessibility-strategy-public-service-measuring-progress.html

Government of Canada - Measuring progress: Accessibility Strategy for the Public Service of Canada

[16] See footnote 16

[17] https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/accessible-people-disabilities/act-summary.html

Administrative monetary penalties: Depending on the nature and severity of non-compliance, an officer could require that the regulated entity pay a fine (up to $250,000).

[18] https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/accessible-people-disabilities/act-summary.html

Government of Canada - Proposed Accessible Canada Act – Summary of the bill

[19]See footnote 16

[20] Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Canada

https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/const/page-15.html

Official languages of Canada

16. (1) English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and government of Canada.

Official languages of New Brunswick

(2) English and French are the official languages of New Brunswick and have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the legislature and government of New Brunswick.

Advancement of status and use

(3) Nothing in this Charter limits the authority of Parliament or a legislature to advance the equality of status or use of English and French.

[21] Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 <https://section508.gov/manage/laws-and-policies#508-policy>

[22] See footnote 10.

[23] See footnote 10.

[24] https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/communications-and-it/about-the-telecommunications-act-guidelines

About the Telecommunications Act Section 255 Guidelines

UNITED STATES ACCESS BOARD

[25] https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/rehabilitation-act-1973

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Sections 501 and 505, USA

[26] https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ofccp/section-503/law

Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended

[27] https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2018-title29/pdf/USCODE-2018-title29-chap16-subchapV-sec794.pdf

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended, USA

[28] https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990, AS AMENDED, USA

[29] https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/communications-and-it/518-questions-answers-about-section-508-of-the-rehabilitation-act-amendments-of-1998#three

Questions & Answers about Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998 , Q#4

[30] https://dynomapper.com/blog/27-accessibility-testing/552-what-is-section-508-and-who-needs-to-be-compliant

2.12.2016 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 327/1

(Legislative acts) - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2102 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 October 2016- on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies.

[31] https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/55/5/854/2605270

Oxford Academic, The Gerontologist - Web Accessibility for Older Adults: A Comparative Analysis of Disability Laws

[32] https://www.searchenginejournal.com/website-accessibility-law/285199/#close

Website Accessibility & the Law: Why Your Website Must Be Compliant- Search Engine Journal - Kim Krause Berg- January 9, 2019

[33] https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/accessibility

Microsoft – accessibility portal

[34] See footnote 16

[35] https://www.itic.org/policy/accessibility/vpat

The Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)- VPAT

[36] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016L2102&from=EN

2.12.2016 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 327/1

(Legislative acts) - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2102 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 26 October 2016- on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies

[37] See footnote 24

[38] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/LSU/?uri=CELEX:32016L2102 ,

Accessibility of public sector websites and mobile apps - 2018

[39] https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1202

European Accessibility Act (EAA)

[40] Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) https://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-a.pdf

[41] https://www.deque.com/blog/eu-web-accessibility-compliance-and-legislation/

EU Web Accessibility Compliance and Legislation- By Deque Systems -January 16, 2020

[42] https://www.w3.org/WAI/policies/european-union/

W3C - Web Accessibility Initiative - WAI - European Union - Last Updated: 9 February 2017

[43] See footnote 22

[44] See footnote 25

[45] See footnote 44

[46] See footnote 23

[47] https://g3ict.org/upload/DARE-Index-Top-Performing-Countries-Nov-5-2018.pdf

https://g3ict.org/upload/accessible_DARE-Index-2020-Top-Performing-Countries-ENGLISH-1.pdf

G3ICT- DARE INDEX TOP PERFORMING COUNTRIES

[48]https://tms.taxoman.gov.om/portal/documents/20126/38852/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B0+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A.pdf/fa70763d-8d9e-50b5-72ae-288249b5ab15

Oman – e- accessibility Policy - 2014

[49] https://www.ita.gov.om/itaportal_ar/MediaCenter/Document_detail.aspx?NID=56

Royal Decree to establish the Information Technology Authority

[50]https://www.mof.gov.om/Portals/1/documents/DisabilityEmploymentPolicy.pdf

Sultani Decree No. 63/2008 Promulgating the Law on the Care and Rehabilitation of the Disabled.

[51] See footnote 2

[52] https://www.ita.gov.om/ITAPortal_AR/MediaCenter/NewsDetail.aspx?NID=522

The Sultanate celebrates the International Day for Awareness of Ease of Access, affirming the right to equality for all in electronic services, including the disabled and the elderly- ITA website, News, 2013

[53] See footnote 2

[54] للاستزادة حول ضوابط الحوكمة الرقمية والأمن السيبراني وغيرها من آليات حوكمة التحول الرقمي في سلطنة عمان من الممكن الرجوع الى

ميثاق حوكمة تقنية المعلومات في سلطنة عمان والمعني في توفير إرشادات التنفيذ لسياسة حوكمة تقنية المعلومات وممارسات إدارة تقنية المعلومات ذات الصلة.

بالإضافة الى مكتبة الوثائق الحكومية والدراسات التحليلية والاحصائية في رابط الهيئة:

https://www.ita.gov.om/itaportal_ar/MediaCenter/Document_Library.aspx

[55] Qatar e-accessibility Policy

https://www.motc.gov.qa/sites/default/files/documents/QATAR's%20eAccessibility%20Policy%20-%20Eng.pdf

[56] تلزم استراتيجية ICT2015 من ictQATAR الدولة بتطوير مجموعة من السكان ذوي المهارات في تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الذين يتشارك أعضاؤهم في الوصول المتساوي إلى التكنولوجيا ويمكنهم النجاح في اقتصاد المعرفة. ويشمل هذا الجهد إعطاء الأولوية للفئات الديمغرافية المحرومة، ولا سيما النساء والمتقاعدين والمواطنين ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة.

[57] المادة 4 من المرسوم بقانون رقم 36 لسنة 2004 بإنشاء الهيئة العليا للاتصالات ويقر المجلس الأعلى لتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات، باعتباره أعلى سلطة مختصة في شؤون الاتصالات وتكنولوجيا المعلومات، بالصلاحيات والاختصاص اللازمين لإقامة مثل هذه الأمور، وخاصة سلطة تنظيم ووضع السياسات لقطاعي الاتصالات وتكنولوجيا المعلومات في دولة قطر.

[58] https://www.almeezan.qa/LawView.aspx?opt&LawID=4381&language=ar

وثيقة تأسيس مركز التكنولوجيا المساعدة –"مدى" قطر، كمؤسسة خاصة ذات نفع عام 2009

[59] See footnote 58

[60] See footnote 58

[61] See footnote 58

[62] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=ar

CC- Creative Commons portal

[63]66 See footnote 58

[64] Qatar (Innovative Practice 2014) strategy

https://zeroproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/INNOVATIVE-POLICY-Qatar-Meeting-the-technology-needs-of-persons-with-disabilities-FINAL_barrierfree.docx

[65] Qatar National Vision 2030

https://www.gco.gov.qa/en/about-qatar/national-vision2030/

[66] https://u.ae/ar-ae/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/federal-governments-strategies-and-plans/the-national-policy-for-empowering-people-with-special-needs

السياسة الوطنية لتمكين أصحاب الهمم – دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة

[67] https://mycommunitydubai.com/page/strategy.html

أطلق سمو الشيخ حمدان بن محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم ولي عهد دبي رئيس المجلس التنفيذي في العام 2013 مبادرة والتي تهدف إلى جعل إمارة دبي،« مجتمعي ... مكان للجميع » مدينة صديقة لأصحاب الهمم بحلول عام 2020 ومن خلال هذه المبادرة، تم العمل على سياسة حماية أصحاب الهمم،. وبعد ذلك، تم إصدار القانون رقم (2) لعام 2014 لتفعيل السياسة الحكومية المعتمدة لحماية أصحاب الهمم، ودعمًاً لغايات المبادرة من جهة أخرى، عن طريق العمل على سد الفجوات التشريعية الحالية، وتفعيل ما جاء به القانون الاتحادي رقم (29) لعام 2006، وتم تشكيل اللجنة العليا لحماية حقوق أصحاب الهمم (المعوقين) وذلك لتنفيذ المبادرات والبرامج المفصلة من خلال خطة عمل محددة مرتبطة بإطار زمني معتمد. وتضم اللجنة العليا كل الجهات الرئيسة التي يعتمد عليها تنفيذ المبادرة، ويترأسها سمو الشيخ منصور بن محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم.

[68] https://dubailand.gov.ae/en/accessibility/#/ , https://www.emirates.com/ae/english/information/accessibility/

[69] https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JEGSBP/2013/978647/978647.pdf

IBIMA Publishing- Journal of E-Government Studies and Best Practices

http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/JEGSBP/jegsbp.html

Vol. 2013 (2013), Article ID 978647, 15 pages

DOI: 10.5171/2013. 978647

Accessibility Evaluation of Dubai e-Government Websites: Findings and Implications

Basel Al Mourad and Faouzi Kamoun

Zayed University. Box 19282. Dubai, UAE

[70] جمهورية مصر العربية - رئاسة الجمهورية - الجريدة الرسمية العدد51 (مكرر) - 23 ديسمبر 2018 السنة الحادية والستون

قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 2733 لسنة 2018 - بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون حقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة

https://www.elwatannews.com/data/iframe/pdf/1562644881545637336.pdf

[71]القانون رقم 10 مصر لعام 2018 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SZkqhTR95H2pO0wJ44qlDLjqHAfzgUKT/view?fbclid=IwAR2rNewS2TrVLdDnytU94ekpMN16cGCDhGV_R2XcrKoqo9wusNTT7SaVqEA

[72] https://www.egypt.gov.eg/English/General/Accessibility.aspx#

Egypt government gateway

[73]https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Policy%20making%20in%20the%20real%20world.pdf

Institute for government -POLICY MAKING IN THE REAL WORLD

Evidence and analysis- 2003: The ROAMEF policy cycle- Page #25

[74] هيربرت، سيمون Simon, Herbert -(1976) السلوك الاداري Behavior Administrative (الطبعة الثالثة). نيويورك: مطبعة فري برس The Free press. الرقم الدولي المعياري للكتاب: 0-684-83582-7 ، من المرجع "دليل تحليل السياسات – مشروع الديمقراطية في الشرق الأوسط " دسيمبر 2016- اعداد برنامج الشراكات مع المجتمع المدني - POMED- Project on Middle east democracy - الصفحة (4) – الرابط للمرجع :https://pomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/POMED-Policy-Analysis-Guide-2016-AR-1.pdf

[75] ROAMEF Cycle : http://www.roamef.com/what-we-do/roamef-cycle

[76] https://www.ohchr.org/AR/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx

اتفاقية حقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة - الأمم المتحدة - مكتب المفوض السامي - اللجنة المعنية بحقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة

[77] https://www.un.org/en/webaccessibility/index.shtml

ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES- FOR UNITED NATIONS WEBSITESACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES

[78] UK government the Magenta book - HM Treasury March 2020 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/879438/HMT_Magenta_Book.pdf

[79] https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/organisational-development/pestle-analysis-factsheet

About PESTEL Analysis -

[80] https://www.cdc.gov/std/Program/pupestd/Types%20of%20Evaluation.pdf

http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/lecturenotes/DGB01%20ADD/sb2_formative_evaluation.doc

Evaluating Socio Economic Development, SOURCEBOOK 2: Methods & Techniques

Formative evaluation

[81] https://flo.flinders.edu.au/pluginfile.php/1243092/mod_resource/content/2/10%20%20Policy%20Evaluation.pdf

Parsons, W. 1995, Public Policy: An introduction to the theory and practice of policy

analysis, Edward Elgar, London, Section 4.5, ‘Evaluation’, pp. 543-68

[82] https://www.mbrsg.ae/home/publications/policy-brief-policy-note/agile-government-agile-skills-report

The Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government- Policy Council Paper- Session no 13- September 2019- AGILE GOVERNMENT

[83] http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Agile_Governance_Reimagining_Policy-making_4IR_report.pdf

World Economic Forum - Agile Governance - Reimagining Policy- making in the Fourth Industrial Revolution - January 2018

[84] نموذج التعريفات تم اعتماده من سلطنة عمان - ضوابط النفاذية الرقمية: رقم هـ ت م - 5-1

[85]سلطنة عمان ضوابط النفاذية الرقمية: رقم هـ ت م - 5-1

https://omanportal.gov.om/wps/wcm/connect/94d96e13-2a62-4435-99eb-074270ccf2a0/3.+e-Accessibility%2BPolicy%28Ver1.0%29_Arabic.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=94d96e13-2a62-4435-99eb-074270ccf2a0

[86] W3C - Web Accessibility Initiative - WAI - European Union - Last Updated: 9 February 2017

https://www.w3.org/WAI/policies/european-union/